The message is generated by the end user that needs to make the transmission. This message will be fed to the network later. Medium: the medium is the transmission path over which the data will be transmitted. Is is used to connect the end user with the network device or to connect the network devices with each other. Many types exist for the medium. Mainly it can be wired or wireless medium. The wired medium can be copper or optical fibers. The copper is subdivided into coaxial cables and twisted pairs. The copper wires carry data as electrical pulses while the optical fiber carry data as light pulses. The wireless medium carries data as electromagnetic waves. Each of the above mediums has its own specifications and used according to the application.
there are two basic types of devices in the network: end user devices and network devices. The end user device is considered to be the source of the message. It can be a client computer or an IP phone. The function of the end user device is to send the data to the network. The main function of the computer network devices is to forward the data to the correct destination based on the address that is send along with the data. The two main devices that accomplish this are the routers and the switches. The router forwards the data according to the IP address while the switch forwards the data according to the MAC address inside the data frame.
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